Classification Of Punching Machines

According to the different driving force, the slider driving force can be divided into two types: mechanical type and hydraulic type.

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Depending on the driving force used, they are classified as follows

(1) Mechanical Power Press

(2) Hydraulic Press

For general sheet metal stamping, most of the presses are mechanical presses. Depending on the liquid used, there are hydraulic presses and hydraulic presses, with hydraulic presses being the majority and hydraulic presses being used for giant machines or special machines.

There are single-action, double-action and triple-action presses according to the slider movement method, but nowadays, the most used presses are single-action presses with one slider.

Classified according to the slider driving organization

(1) Crankshaft type press (Crank Press)

The press that uses crankshaft organization is called crankshaft press.

The reason for the use of crankshaft organization is that it is easy to make, the end position under the stroke can be correctly decided, and the slider activity curve is basically practical for various processing.

Therefore, this type of press is useful for punching, bending, stretching, hot casting, warm casting, cold casting and almost all other punching processes.

(2) Crank less Press

Crank less press is also called eccentric gear type press.

The function of crankshaft type press and eccentric gear type press is measured. The eccentric gear type press structure has better shaft rigidity, lubrication, appearance and maintenance than the crankshaft structure, but the defect is higher price.

When the stroke is long, the eccentric gear type punching machine is more favorable, and when the stroke of the special punching and cutting machine is short, the crankshaft punching machine is better, so the small machine and the high-speed punching and cutting machine are also the field of crankshaft punching machine.

(3) Knuckle Press

Knuckle presses are called knuckle presses when the knuckle is used on the ram drive.

This type of press has a unique ram movement curve in which the ram speed near the lower fixing point becomes very slow (as measured by the crankshaft press), and also correctly determines the lower fixing point position.

Therefore, this kind of press is suitable for compression processing such as embossing and finishing, and is used for cold casting today.

(4) Friction Press

The press that uses conflict drive and spiral organization on the track drive is called conflict press.

This kind of press is suitable for casting, crushing work, can also be used in bending, forming, stretching processing, etc., has the function of versatility, because of the low price, before the war was widely used.

It is being gradually eliminated due to the defects such as inability to determine the lower end position, poor processing accuracy, slow production speed, overload when the control operation is wrong, and the need for skillful operation.

(5) Screw Press

The one who uses screw organization in the slider driving organization is called screw press (or screw press).

(6) Rack Press

Rack and pinion presses are called rack and pinion presses when rack and pinion are used in the ram drive organization.

Screw press has almost the same characteristics as rack press, and its characteristics are roughly the same as those of hydraulic press.

It was once used for pressing in bushings, kneading of chips and other articles, oil extraction, bundling, and pressing out of shells (extrusion thinning process between heat), etc., but nowadays it has been replaced by hydraulic presses, which are no longer used except in very special cases.

(7) Link press

A press that uses various linkage organizations in the ram drive organization is called a link press.

The purpose of using link press is to keep the stretching speed within the limit while reducing the cycle time during the stretching process, and to speed up the approaching stroke from the upper fixed point to the start of the process and the return stroke from the lower fixed point to the upper fixed point by reducing the speed of the stretching process, so that it has a shorter cycle time than the crankshaft presses to improve the productivity.

This type of press has been used since ancient times for deep drawing of cylindrical containers with narrower bed surface, and for processing of automobile body panels with wider bed surface.

(8) Cam Press

The press that uses cam organization on the slider drive organization is called cam press.

The characteristic of this press is to make a proper cam shape so that the desired slider movement curve can be easily obtained.

However, because of the nature of the cam organization, it is difficult to convey a large force, so the capacity of this press is small.